What is a Network ?

A network of computers, also known as a computer network, is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources with each other. The network can be as small as two computers connected together, or it can be as large as a worldwide network of millions of computers.

There are different types of computer networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wireless networks. The most common type of network is a LAN, which is a network that covers a small geographic area, such as a home, school, or office.

A LAN is typically composed of several components, including:

• Computers: These are the devices that are connected to the network. They can be desktop computers, laptops, servers, or any other device that can connect to the network.
• Network Interface Card (NIC): Each computer in the network must have a NIC, which is a hardware component that enables the computer to connect to the network.
• Switches and Routers: These devices are used to connect multiple computers and devices together. Switches are used to connect devices within a LAN, while routers are used to connect LANs to each other or to the Internet.
• Cabling: Ethernet cables are used to connect the computers and devices to the switches and routers.
• Network Operating System (NOS): This is a software system that controls the network and manages the communication between the devices. Examples of NOS include Windows Server, Linux, and Novell NetWare.
• Network protocols: These are the rules and standards that govern the communication between the devices on the network. Examples of network protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.

When a computer wants to communicate with another computer on the network, it sends a message in the form of data packets. The data packets contain the source and destination addresses, as well as the data being transmitted. The packets are transmitted over the network using the network protocols. Overall, a network of computers is an essential component of modern computing. It enables devices to communicate and share resources, and it provides access to the Internet and other remote networks. The design and configuration of a computer network can vary depending on the specific requirements of the organization or individual users.